Research

Research

  1. Tuberculosis (TB)
    The rising of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains limits the effectiveness of existing treatments. The unique structure of M. tuberculosis, including its thick cell wall and ability to enter dormant states, complicates drug penetration and efficacy. There is a scarcity of new, effective compounds in the TB drug development pipeline, partly due to economic and regulatory challenges.


  2. Alzheimer’s Disease
    Most approved drugs offer symptomatic relief without altering disease progression. Translating promising preclinical findings into effective human treatments is hindered by issues in validating drug targets and differences between animal models and human biology. The BBB restricts the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain, posing a significant hurdle in CNS drug development.


  3. Colorectal Cancer, IBD
    Conventional chemotherapy lacks specificity, leading to systemic toxicity. While nanoparticle systems show promise in preclinical studies, their translation into clinical practice faces hurdles related to scalability, reproducibility, and regulatory approval. There is a need to elucidate how genetic variants and epigenetic modifications contribute to IBD pathogenesis and treatment response. Developing biomarkers to predict disease progression and treatment response is crucial for personalized therapy.


  4. Breast Cancer
    Breast cancer is a malignant tumor originating from breast tissue, commonly in the ducts or lobules. It affects mostly women. Key risk factors include age, genetics (e.g., BRCA mutations), hormonal influences, and lifestyle. Breast cancer is categorized by hormone receptor status: estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2. Subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are more aggressive and lack targeted therapies. Early detection via mammography improves prognosis. Ongoing research focuses on precision medicine, immunotherapy, and overcoming drug resistance for more effective and personalized treatments.


  5. Prostate Cancer
    Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men, originating in the prostate gland, which produces seminal fluid. It often grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in early stages. Risk factors include age, family history, race (higher in African descent), and diet. Diagnosis typically involves PSA testing and biopsy. Treatments include active surveillance, surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and newer androgen receptor inhibitors. Drug resistance and disease recurrence remain challenges. Current research focuses on precision medicine, immunotherapy, and radiopharmaceuticals for advanced prostate cancer.


  6. Lung Cancer
    Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, primarily caused by smoking, though it also occurs in non-smokers. It is broadly classified into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of cases and includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Early symptoms are often absent, leading to late diagnoses. Resistance to therapies and late-stage detection are major challenges.